On the southern coast of Albania, between the crystal-clear waters of the Ionian Sea and the green hills, rises the fortress of Porto Palermo, a mighty witness to the country’s military history. Located in a strategic bay near Himarë, this fortification has fascinated visitors for centuries. Built in a key location for coastal defense, its geometric structure and privileged position have drawn the attention of travelers and history experts alike. In this article we will explore its past, architectural features and the reasons why it is a must-see destination for those visiting Albania.
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History of Porto Palermo Fortress
Origins and initial construction
The fortress or Porto Palermo Castle, known in Albanian as Kalaja e Porto Palermos, has long been attributed to the famous Ottoman governor Ali Pasha of Tepelena, although some research suggests it may have earlier origins. It is believed that the current structure was built in the 19th century, though there might have been a previous construction on the same site. Its location in a natural bay allowed it to control the maritime routes of southern Albania, making it a crucial point of defense.
Historical context and strategic relevance
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Albania was the scene of constant power struggles between the Ottomans and local leaders. In this context, Ali Pasha of Tepelena built and reinforced several fortifications in the region, including the fortress of Porto Palermo and others located in Ioannina and Butrint. The protected bay provided an excellent refuge for boats, making this fortress a key point for defense and trade.
Most significant events in its history
After the fall of Ali Pasha in 1822, the fortress of Porto Palermo came under Ottoman control and was used for defensive purposes until Albania’s independence in 1912. During the 20th century, the fortress was used as a military base by Enver Hoxha’s communist regime, which reinforced the area with tunnels and underground bunkers. Today, the structure is a tourist attraction of great historical interest.
Architecture and structure
Architectural features and style
The fortress of Porto Palermo features a triangular structure, an uncommon design in the region’s military architecture. Its thick walls and towers at each corner give it strong resistance against possible attacks. It is believed that its design might have been inspired by Venetian fortifications or Ottoman military structures of the time.
Materials and construction techniques
The fortress walls are built from limestone, a material abundant in the area, which has helped it withstand the test of time. Its interior includes a series of narrow corridors and rooms intended for storage, garrison and surveillance. The fortress lacks a large central courtyard, suggesting it was more focused on defense than on the daily life of its occupants.
Layout and main elements
The fortress has three levels, each with different functions. The ground floor houses the old ammunition and supply storerooms, while the middle floor served as a residential and surveillance area. The upper part, accessed via stone stairs, functioned as an artillery platform, offering a panoramic view of the Ionian Sea.
Function and use over time
Defensive fortress in the Ottoman era
Originally, the fortress had a strictly military purpose, serving as a defense point against possible maritime incursions. Its strategic location allowed it to control navigation along the Albanian coast and to prevent pirate attacks, which were common in the region.
Usage during the 19th and 20th centuries
During the 19th century, the fortress was used by the Ottoman Empire until Albania’s independence. In the 20th century, under the communist regime, it became part of the country’s coastal defense system and was used as a naval base and military warehouse. Part of the infrastructure was modified to store weapons and tactical equipment.
Current status and conservation efforts
Today, the fortress of Porto Palermo is a popular tourist attraction and is in good condition. Although it has not undergone extensive restoration, the main structure remains intact, and visitors can explore its corridors and terraces. The Albanian government has promoted measures for its preservation, including regulating tourism in the area.
How to get to Porto Palermo Fortress
The fortress is located in Porto Palermo Bay, just a few kilometers from Himarë. It is surrounded by hills covered with Mediterranean vegetation and offers stunning views of the Ionian Sea.
It is open to the public all year round. Visiting hours are from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm in high season and from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm in winter. Entry costs €3, and children under 12 can enter for free.
How to get there by car
The most convenient way to get there is by car. From Himarë, take the SH8 coastal road heading south. There is a small parking lot near the entrance.
How to get there by public transport
It is also possible to reach the fortress by bus from Vlora or Sarandë, although routes are limited. From Himarë, some taxis and local minibuses offer transport to the fortress.
Best time to visit Porto Palermo
The best time to visit the fortress is between April and October, when the weather is warm and dry. In summer, temperatures can be high, so it is recommended to visit in the morning or at sunset.
Nearby accommodations
For those who wish to explore the region, there are several accommodation options in nearby towns such as Himarë, Qeparo and Sarandë.
Nearby places of interest
Travelers can complement their visit with other sites of interest such as the village of Himarë, Gjipe Beach and Llogara National Park.
Next recommended castles: Albanian castles.
